Easy Smart Configuration Utility Tplink Latest Version

Tp-link Unmanaged/Easy Smart Rack Mountable Switches Instruction Manual

About this Installation Guide

This Installation Guide describes the hardware characteristics, installation methods and the points that should be attended to during installation. This Installation Guide is structured as follows:

Chapter 1 Introduction
This chapter describes the external components of the switch.

Chapter 2 Installation
This chapter illustrates how to install the switch.

Chapter 3 Connection
This chapter illustrates how to do the physical connection of the switch.

Appendix A Troubleshooting
Appendix B Hardware Specifications

Audience

This Installation Guide is for:

Network Engineer

Network Administrator

Conventions

When using this guide, notice that features available in JetStream series products may vary by model and software version. Availability of JetStream series products may also vary by region or ISP. All images, steps, and descriptions in this guide are only examples and may not reflect your actual experience. Some models featured in this guide may be unavailable in your country or region. For local sales information, visit https://www.tp-link.com.
The speed of the ports in Extend Mode will downgrade to 10 Mbps. The actual transmission distance may vary due to power consumption of PoE-powered devices or the cable quality and type.
PoE budget calculations are based on laboratory testing. Actual PoE power budget is not guaranteed and will vary as a result of client limitations and environmental factors.
This guide uses the specific formats to highlight special messages. The following table lists the notice icons that are used throughout this guide.

Related Document
This Installation Guide is also available in PDF on our website. To obtain the latest documentation and product information, visit the official website: https://www.tp-link.com.

Chapter 1 Introduction

Product Overview

The Unmanaged/Easy Smart Switch provides you with a low-cost, easy-to-use, high-performance, seamless, and standard upgrade to improve your network to 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps.

TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE is also a Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE*). The RJ45 port 18 on TL-SG1008MP and TL-SG1016PE, 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ45 port 116 on TL-SG1218MP and TL-SG1218MPE, and 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ45 port 124 on TL-SG1428PE support the Power over Ethernet (PoE*) function, which can automatically detect and supply power to those powered devices (PDs*) complying with IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at.

Note:

*PSE is a device (switch or hub for instance) that will provide power in a PoE setup.
*PoE is a technology that describes a system to transmit electrical power, along with data, to remote devices over standard twisted-pair cable in an Ethernet network.
*PD is a device powered by a PSE and thus consumes energy. Examples include powering
IP telephones, wireless LAN access points, network cameras, network hubs, embedded computers, and so on.

Appearance

Front Panel

The front panel of TL-SG1008 is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-1 Front Panel of TL-SG1008

The front panel of TL-SG1008MP is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-2 Front Panel of TL-SG1008MP

Unmanaged/Easy Smart Rack mountable Switches

The front panel of TL-SF1016 is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-3 Front Panel of TL-SF1016

The front panel of TL-SF1016DS is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-4 Front Panel of TL-SF1016DS

The front panel of TL-SG1016 is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-5 Front Panel of TL-SG1016

The front panel of TL-SG1016D is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-6 Front Panel of TL-SG1016D

The front panel of TL-SG1016S is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-7 Front Panel of TL-SG1016S

The front panel of TL-SG1016DE is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-8 Front Panel of TL-SG1016DE

The front panel of TL-SG1016PE is shown as the following figure.

Figure 1-9 Front Panel of TL-SG1016PE

The front panel of TL-SF1024 is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-10 Front Panel of TL-SF1024

The front panel of TL-SF1024D is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-11 Front Panel of TL-SF1024D

The front panel of TL-SG1024 is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-12 Front Panel of TL-SG1024

The front panel of TL-SG1024D is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-13 Front Panel of TL-SG1024D

The front panel of TL-SG1024S is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-14 Front Panel of TL-SG1024S

The front panel of TL-SG1024DE is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-15 Front Panel of TL-SG1024DE

The front panel of TL-SF1048 is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-16 Front Panel of TL-SF1048

The front panel of TL-SG1048 is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-17 Front Panel of TL-SG1048

The front panel of TL-SG1218MP is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-18 Front Panel of TL-SG1218MP

The front panel of TL-SG1218MPE is shown as the following
figure.Figure 1-19 Front Panel of TL-SG1218MPE

The front panel of TL-SG1428PE is shown as the following figure.
Figure 1-20 Front Panel of TL-SG1428PE

LED	Indication
Power PWR	O n: The switch is powered on. O f f: The switch is powered off or power supply is abnormal. F l a s hin g: Power supply is abnormal. Note: PWR for TL-SG1016PE/TL-SF1024/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE; Power for other switches.
1000Mbps	O n: Running at 1000 Mbps. O f f: Running at 10/100 Mbps or no device is linked to the corresponding port. Note: For TL-SG1008/TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1016/TL-SG1016D/TL-SG1016S/ TL-SG1016DE/TL-SG1024/TL-SG1024D/TL-SG1024S/TL-SG1024DE.
	O n: A device is linked to the corresponding port and running properly.
	F l a s hin g: Transmitting or receiving data.
	O f f: No device is linked to the corresponding port.
	Note: For TL-SG1008/TL-SG1008MP/TL-SF1016/TL-SG1016/TL-SG1016D/TL-SG1016S/
	TL-SF1016DS/TL-SG1016DE/TL-SF1024/TL-SF1024D/TL-SG1024/TL-SG1024D/
	TL-SG1024S/TL-SG1024DE/TL-SF1048.
	G r ee n O n: Running at 1000 Mbps but no activity.
Link/Act	G r ee n F l a s h i ng: Running at 1000 Mbps and is transmitting or receiving data.
	Y e l l o w o n: Running at 100/10 Mbps but no activity.
	Y e l l o w F l a s h i ng: Running at 100/10 Mbps and is transmitting or receiving data.
	O f f: No device is linked to the corresponding port.
	Note: For TL-SG1048, port 1–18 of TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE, and port 1–26 of
	TL-SG1428PE.
	Port 17F–18F of TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE, and port 27–28 of TL-SG1428PE only
	support 1000M SFP module connection, and they just have Green On/Green Flashing/
	Off LED indications
Speed	Green On: Running at 1000 Mbps but no activity. Green Flashing: Running at 1000 Mbps and is transmitting or receiving data. Yellow on: Running at 100/10 Mbps but no activity. Yellow Flashing: Running at 100/10 Mbps and is transmitting or receiving data. Off: No device is linked to the corresponding port. Note: Only for TL-SG1016PE.
PoE Status	On: The port is connecting and supplying power to a PD. Flashing: The PoE power circuit may be in short or the power current may be overloaded or non-standard PD is connected or the amount of power of the port has exceeded the power limit. Off: No PD is connected to the corresponding port or no power is supplied according to the power limits of the port. Note: For TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE
PoE Max	On: Total power supply is between 146 W and 153 W. No power may be supplied if additional PDs are connected. Flashing: Total power supply is equal to or greater than 153 W. Off: Total power supply is less than 146 W. Note: Only for TL-SG1008MP. On: Total power supply is between 143 W and 150 W. No power may be supplied if additional PDs are connected. Flashing: Total power supply is equal to or greater than 150 W. Off: Total power supply is less than 143 W. Note: Only for TL-SG1016PE. On: Total power supply is equal to or greater than 243 W. Flashing: Total power supply is equal to or greater than 243 W and lasts for more than 2 minutes. Off: Total power supply is less than 243 W. Note: For TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE
FAN	Green: The fan works properly. Yellow: The fan doesn't work properly. Note: For TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE

Note:
For models that support the LED On/Off feature, the LEDs function as shown above only when the LED status is on.

Reset
Press this button for five seconds or above to reset the switch back to factory default settings.

Note:
Only TL-SG1016DE/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1024DE/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE has a Reset button.

10/100/1000Mbps RJ45 Port
Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps. For TL-SG1008MP and TL-SG1016PE, port 18 can provide power for PDs. For TL-SG1218MP and TL-SG1218MPE, port 116 can provide power for PDs. For TL-SG1428PE, port 124 can provide power for PDs.

10/100Mbps RJ45 Port
Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps.

SFP Port
Designed to install the SFP module. TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE has 2 SFP ports which support 1000 Mbps SFP module connection. For TL-SG1218MP and TL-SG1218MPE, an SFP Port (port 17F/port 18F) and the associated 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ45 Port (port 17/port 18) are called a "Combo" port, which means they cannnot be used simultaneously; otherwise, only the SFP port works.

Rear Panel

The rear panel is shown as the following figure. Here we take TL-SG1016PE as an example.
Figure 1-21 Rear Panel

Kensington Security Slot
Secure the lock (not provided) into the security slot to prevent the device from being stolen.

Note:
Only TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE has a kensington security slot.

Grounding Terminal
The switch already comes with lightning protection mechanism. You can also ground the switch through the PE (Protecting Earth) cable of AC cord or with Ground Cable. For detailed information, refer to the Lightning Protection Guide from the Related Documents of our website: https://www.tp-link.com/us/configuration-guides/lightning_protection_guide.

Power Socket
Plug the female connector of the power cord directly into the power socket and plug the male connector into an AC outlet. Make sure that the voltage of the power supply meets the requirement of the input voltage (100240 V ~ 50/60 Hz).

Caution:
You should use the provided power cord.

Chapter 2 Installation

Package Contents

Make sure that the package contains the following items. If any of the listed items is damaged or missing, contact your distributor.

Safety Precautions

To avoid any device damage and bodily injury caused by improper use, you should observe the following rules.

Safety Precautions

Keep the power off during the installation.
Wear an ESD-preventive wrist strap, and make sure that the wrist strap has a good skin contact and is well grounded.
Use only the power cord provided with the switch
Make sure that the supply voltage matches the specifications indicated on the rear panel of the switch.
Ensure that the switch is installed in a well-ventilated environment and its ventilation hole is not blocked.
Do not open or remove the cover of the switch.
Before cleaning the device, cut off the power supply. Do not clean it by the waterish cloth, and never use any other liquid cleaning method.
Place the device with its bottom surface downward.

Site Requirements

Temperature/Humidity

Keep the equipment room at an appropriate level of temperature and humidity. Too much or too little humidity may lead to bad insulation, leakage of electricity, mechanical property changes, and corrosion. High temperatures may accelerate aging of the insulation materials, significantly shortening the service life of the device. To find out the best temperature and humidity conditions for the device, check the following table.

Environment

Temperature

Humidity

Operating

0 °C to 50 °C

(for TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)

0 °C to 40 °C (for other switches)

10% to 90%RH Non-condensing

Storage

-40 °C to 70 °C

5% to 90%RH Non-condensing

Clearness

The dust accumulated on the switch can be absorbed by static electricity and result in poor contact of metal contact points. Some measures have been taken for the device to prevent static electricity, but too strong static electricity can cause deadly damage to the electronic elements on the internal circuit board. To avoid the effect of static electricity on the operation of the switch, attach much importance to the following items:

Dust the device regularly, and keep the indoor air clean.
Keep the device well grounded and ensure that the static electricity has been transferred.

Electromagnetic Interference

Electronic elements including capacitance and inductance on the device can be affected by external interferences, such as conducted emission by capacitance coupling, inductance coupling, and impedance coupling. To decrease the interferences, make sure to take the following measures:

Use the power supply that can effectively filter interference from the power grid.
Keep the device far from high-frequency and strong-current devices such as radio transmitting station.
Use electromagnetic shielding when necessary.

Lightning Protection

Extremely high voltage currents can be produced instantly when lightning occurs and the air in the electric discharge path can be instantly heated up to 20,000 °C. As this instant current is strong enough to damage electronic devices, more effective lightning protection measures should be taken.

Ensure that the rack and the device are well earthed.
Make sure the power socket has a good contact with the ground.
Keep a reasonable cabling system and avoid induced lightning.
Use the signal SPD (Surge Protective Device) when wiring outdoor.

Note:
For detailed lightning protection measures, refer to the Lightning Protection Guide from the Related Documents of our website:
https://www.tp-link.com/us/configuration-guides/lightning_protection_guide.

Installation Site

When installing the device on a rack or a flat workbench, attach much importance to the following items:

The rack or workbench is flat, stable, and sturdy enough to support the weight of 5.5 kg at least.
The rack or workbench has a good ventilation system. The equipment room is well ventilated.
The rack is well grounded. Keep the device less than 1.5 meters away from the power socket.

Installation Tools

Phillips screwdriver
ESD-preventive wrist wrap
Cables

Note:
These tools are not included with our product. If needed, you can purchase them separately.

Product Installation

Desktop Installation

To install the device on the desktop, follow the steps:

Set the device on a flat surface which is strong enough to support the entire weight of the device with all fittings.
Remove the adhesive backing papers from the rubber feet
Turnover the device and attach the supplied rubber feet to the recessed areas on the bottom at each corner of the device.
Figure 2-1 Desktop Installation

Rack Installation

To install the device in an EIA standard-sized, 19-inch rack, follow the instructions described below:

Check the efficiency of the grounding system and the stability of the rack.
Secure the supplied rack-mounting brackets to each side of the device supplied screws, as illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 2-2 Bracket Installation
After the brackets are attached to the device, use suitable screws (not provided) to secure the brackets to the rack, as illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 2-3 Rack Installation

Caution:

Leave 5 to 10 cm gaps around the devices for air circulation. Avoid placing heavy things on the device. Mount devices in sequence from the bottom to top of the rack and ensure a certain clearance between devices for the purpose of heat dissipation.

Chapter 3 Connection

Ethernet Port

Connect an Ethernet port of the switch to the computer by RJ45 cable as the following figure shows.

Figure 3-1 Connecting the RJ45 Port

SFP Port

The following figure demonstrates the connection of SFP port to an SFP module.

Figure 3-2 Inserting the SFP Module

Note:
TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE has 2 SFP ports which support 1000 Mbps SFP module connection.

Verify Installation

After completing the installation, verify the following items:

There should be 5 to 10 cm of clearance around the device for ventilation and make sure the air flow is adequate.
The voltage of the power supply meets the requirement of the input voltage of the device.
The power socket, device and rack are well grounded.
The device is correctly connected to other network devices.

Power On

Plug the negative connector of the provided power cord into the power socket of the device and plug the positive connector into a power outlet as the following figure shows.

Figure 3-3 Connecting to Power Supply

Note:
The figure is to illustrate the application and principle. The provided plug and the socket in your region may differ from the figures above.

Initialization

After the device is powered on, it begins the Power-On Self-Test. A series of tests run automatically to ensure the device functions properly. During this time, the LED indicators will respond as follows:

The PWR/Power LED indicator will light up.
The LED indicators of all the ports will flash momentarily and then turn off again after the initialization.

Accessing the Switch

Note:
Only for TL-SG1016DE/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1024DE/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE, you can access and manage the switch.

After the initialization finished, you can access and manage the switch using the Web-based GUI (Graphical User Interface) or using the Configuration Utility.

Using the Web-Based GUI
To access and manage the switch using the Web-Based GUI, take the following steps:

Find the IP address of the switch.
- By default, the switch receives an IP address from a DHCP server (or a router that functions as a DHCP server) in your network. You can find this IP address on the DHCP server.
- If the switch cannot receive an IP address from a DHCP server, it uses the static IP address of 192.168.0.1, with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
Configure IP address on your PC to make sure the switch and PC are in the same subnet.
- If the switch uses an IP address assigned by a DHCP server, set your PC to obtain an IP address automatically from the DHCP server.
- If the switch uses the static IP address of 192.168.0.1, configure your PC's IP address as 192.168.0.x ("x" ranges from 2 to 254), and subnet mask as 255.255.255.0.
Launch a web browser on your PC. Enter the IP address of the switch in the address bar and press Enter. Log in with admin as both user name and password.

Note:
For certain devices, you may need to change the password the first time you log in, which will better protect your network and devices.

Now you can configure the switch using the Web-based GUI. For further information, refer to the User Guide. You can find the latest version of this guide on the official website: https://www.tp-link.com/download-center.html.

Using the Configuration Utility

You can find the configuration utility from the official website:
https://www.tp-link.com/downloadcenter.html.

For detailed information about using the configuration utility, refer to the Easy Smart Configuration Utility User Guide. You can find the latest version of this guide on the official website: https://www.tplink.com/download-center.html.

Appendix A Troubleshooting

What could I do if I forgot the username and password of the Switch?
With the switch powered on, press the Reset button for at least 5 seconds to reset the system. The system will be reset to the factory default settings, and the default login user name and password are both admin.
What should I do if I cannot access the web management page?
Please try the following:
1. Check every port LED on the switch and make sure the Ethernet cable is connected properly.
2. Try another port on the switch and make sure the Ethernet cable is suitable and works normally.
3. Power off the switch and, after a while, power it on again.
4. Make sure the IP address of your PC is set within the subnet of the switch.
5. If you still cannot access the configuration page, please reset the switch to its factory defaults. Then the IP address of your PC should be set as 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254) and subnet mask as 255.255.255.0.
Why is the Power/PWR LED not lit? By default, the Power/PWR LED should be lit when the power system is working normally. If the Power/PWR LED is not lit, please try the following:
1. Make sure that the power cable is connected properly, and the power contact is normal.
2. Make sure the voltage of the power supply meets the requirement of the input voltage of the switch.
3. Make sure the power source is ON.
4. (For models that support the LED On/Off feature) On the LED On/Off configuration page, check whether the LED status is on. By default, the LED status is on.
Why is the Link/Act LED not lit while a device is connected to the corresponding port? Please try the following:
1. Make sure that the cable connectors are firmly plugged into the switch and the device.
2. Make sure the connected device is turned on and working normally.
3. The cable length should be less than 10 0 meters (328 feet). For TL-SG1016PE / TL-SG1218MPE/TL SG1428PE, if Extend Mode is enabled, it should be less than 250 meters (820 feet).
4. (For models that support the LED On/Off feature) On the LED On/Off configuration page, check whether the LED status is on. By default, the LED status is on.

Appendix B Specifications

Item	Content
Standards	IEEE 802.3i, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE 802.3x
	IEEE 802.3ab (except TL-SF1016/TL-SF1016DS/TL-SF1024/TL-SF1024D/ TL-SF1048)
	IEEE 802.1p (for TL-SG1008/TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1016/TL-SG1016D/ TL-SG1016DE/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1016S/TL-SG1024/TL-SG1024D/ TL-SG1024DE/TL-SG1024S/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE)
	IEEE 802.1q (for TL-SG1016DE/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1024DE/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)
	IEEE 802.3af (for TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)
	IEEE 802.3at (for TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1016PE/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)
	IEEE 802.3z (for TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE)
Transmission Medium	10Base-T: 2-pair UTP/STP of Cat. 3 or above (maximum 100 m)
	100Base-TX: 2-pair UTP/STP of Cat. 5 or above (maximum 100 m)
	1000Base-T: 4-pair UTP/STP of Cat. 5e or above (maximum 100 m) (except TL-SF1016/TL-SF1016DS/TL-SF1024/TL-SF1024D/TL-SF1048)
	1000BASE-SX: 62.5 μm MMF (Minimum range: 2 m to 275 m) or 50 μm MMF (Minimum range: 2 m to 550 m) (for TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)
	1000BASE-LX: 62.5 μm/50 μm MMF (Minimum range: 2 m to 550 m) or 10 μm SMF (Minimum range: 2 m to 5000 m) (for TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)
	1000BASE-LX10: Type B1.1, B1.3 SMF (2 fiber) (Minimum range: 0.5 m to 10000 m) (for TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE)
	1000BASE-BX10: Type B1.1, B1.3 SMF (1 fiber) (Minimum range: 0.5 m to 10000 m) (for TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE)
Frame Forward Rate	10Base-T: 14881 pps/Port
	100Base-X: 148810 pps/Port
	1000Base-T: 1488095 pps/Port (except TL-SF1016/TL-SF1016DS/TL-SF1024/ TL-SF1024D/TL-SF1048)
	1000BASE-X: 1488095 pps/Port (for TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)
LEDs	Power, Link/Act (for TL-SF1016/TL-SF1016DS/TL-SF1024/TL-SF1024D/ TL-SF1048/TL-SG1048)
	Power, 1000 Mbps, Link/Act, PoE Status, PoE MAX (for TL-SG1008MP)
	PWR, Speed, PoE Status, PoE MAX, FAN (for TL-SG1016PE)
	PWR, Link/Act, PoE Status, PoE MAX, FAN (for TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/ TL-SG1428PE)
	Power, 1000 Mbps, Link/Act (for other switches)
Operating Temperature	0°C to 50°C (32°F to 122°F) (for TL-SG1008MP/TL-SG1218MP/TL-SG1218MPE/TL-SG1428PE)
Operating Temperature	0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F) (for other switches)
Storage Temperature	-40°C to 70°C (-40°F to 158°F)
Operating Humidity	10% to 90%RH Non-condensing
Storage Humidity	5% to 90%RH Non-condensing

CE Mark Warning

This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

EU declaration of conformity

TP-Link hereby declares that the device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of directives 2014/30/EU, 2014/35/EU, 2009/125/EC, 2011/65/EU and (EU)2015/863.

The original EU declaration of conformity may be found at
https://www.tp-link.com/en/ce

Safety Information

Keep the device away from water, fire, humidity or hot environments.
Do not attempt to disassemble, repair, or modify the device.If you need service, please contact us.
Place the device with its bottom surface downward.

Please read and follow the above safety information when operating the device. We cannot guarantee that no accidents or damage will occur due to improper use of the device. Please use this product with care and operate at your own risk.

To ask questions, find answers, and communicate with TP-Link users or engineers, please visit https://community.tp-link.com to join TP-Link Community.

For technical support, the user guide and other information, please visit https://www.tp-link.com/support, or simply scan the QR code.

If you have any suggestions or needs on the product guides, welcome to email [email protected]

Documents / Resources

References

pankeycurre1961.blogspot.com

Source: https://manuals.plus/tp-link/unmanagedeasy-smart-rack-mountable-switches-manual